qemu搭建arm64环境

安装交叉编译工具链

sudo apt install gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu
sudo apt install libncurses5-dev  build-essential git bison flex libssl-dev

查看版本，如图所示：

安装qemu

可以从源码安装，也可以直接从仓库安装

wget https://download.qemu.org/qemu-9.2.4.tar.xz
tar -xvJf qemu-9.2.4.tar.xz
cd qemu-9.2.4
./configure
make -j 8
sudo make install

安装qemu依赖

sudo apt-get install ninja-build libglib2.0-dev libpixman-1-dev zlib1g-dev \
  libfdt-dev libusb-1.0-0-dev libaio-dev libbluetooth-dev libbrlapi-dev \
  libbz2-dev libcap-ng-dev libcurl4-gnutls-dev libgtk-3-dev libncurses5-dev \
  libnfs-dev libpulse-dev libsasl2-dev libsdl2-dev libseccomp-dev libsnappy-dev \
  libssh-dev libvde-dev libvdeplug-dev libvte-2.91-dev libxen-dev liblzo2-dev \
  libspice-server-dev libusbredirhost-dev libusbredirparser-dev libx11-dev \
  libxml2-dev libzstd-dev python3-pip python3-venv pkg-config

安装完成后查看版本

制作根文件系统

下载busybox源码

wget https://busybox.net/downloads/busybox-1.36.1.tar.bz2
tar jxvf busybox-1.36.1.tar.bz2

指定编译工具链

export ARCH=arm64
export CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu-

编译busybox

make defconfig
make menuconfig
	Settings --->
		[*] Build static binary (no shared libs)   
make -j 8
make install

创建需要的目录

cd _install/
mkdir -p dev lib sys proc tmp var home root mnt etc/init.d

添加etc/profile

#vim etc/profile

#!/bin/sh
export HOSTNAME=user
export USER=root
export HOME=/home
export PS1="[$USER@$HOSTNAME \W]\# "
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/lib:/usr/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH
mknod dev/console c 5 1
mknod dev/tty1 c 4 1
mknod dev/mull c 1 3

添加/etc/inittab

#vim etc/inittab

::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS
::respawn:-/bin/sh
::askfirst:-/bin/sh
::ctrlaltdel:/bin/umount -a -r

添加etc/fstab

#vim etc/fstab

#<file system>	<mount point>	<type>	<options>	<dump>	<pass>
proc	/proc	proc	defaults	0	0
tmpfs	/tmp	tmpfs	defaults	0	0
sysfs	/sys	sysfs	defaults	0	0
tmpfs	/dev	tmpfs	defaults	0	0
debugfs	/sys/kernel/debug	debugfs	defaults	0	0
kmod_mount	/mnt	9p	trans=virtio	0	0

添加etc/init.d/rcS

#vim etc/init.d/rcS

mkdir -p /sys
mkdir -p /tmp
mkdir -p /proc
mkdir -p /mnt
/bin/mount -a
mkdir -p /dev/pts
mount -t devpts devpts /dev/pts
echo /sbin/mdev > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
mdev -s

给rcS添加权限

chmod 777 etc/init.d/rcS

添加lib库内容

cd lib
cp /usr/aarch64-linux-gnu/lib/*.so* -a .

具体可参考根文件系统构建

制作基于ram的内存文件系统

cpio工具制作initramfs内存文件系统

cd _install
find . | cpio -o -H newc | gzip > ../initramfs.cpio.gz

制作基于硬盘的文件系统

# 生成1G的空镜像文件
dd if=/dev/zero of=initrd.img bs=1M count=1024
# 设定镜像文件系统格式
mkfs.ext4 initrd.img
# 挂在镜像到一个空文件夹
mkdir fs
sudo mount -t ext4 initrd.img fs
# 把rootfs内容拷贝到镜像文件夹fs
cp -a rootfs/* fs/.
# 搞定了，卸载镜像
sudo umount fs

输入qemu命令启动内核

#基于ramfs运行qemu
qemu-system-aarch64 \
  -machine virt,virtualization=true,gic-version=3 \
  -nographic \
  -m 1024M \
  -cpu cortex-a57 \
  -smp 4 \
  -kernel arch/arm64/boot/Image \
  -initrd initramfs.cpio.gz \
  -append "root=/dev/ram console=ttyAMA0 rdinit=/linuxrc loglevel=8"

#基于磁盘文件系统运行qemu
qemu-system-aarch64 \
  -machine virt,virtualization=true,gic-version=3 \
  -nographic \
  -m 1024M \
  -cpu cortex-a57 \
  -smp 4 \
  -kernel arch/arm64/boot/Image \
  -drive file=initrd.img,format=raw,if=virtio \
  -append "root=/dev/vda console=ttyAMA0 loglevel=8"

随后退出qemu可以按ctrl+A X

界面启动方式

sudo apt install libvirt0 libvirt-daemon qemu-efi-x86 qemu-system-x86 virt-manager bridge-utils libvirt-clients python3-libvirt uml-utilities virtinst 

然后在终端直接运行

virt-manager